122 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
# File Formats
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PhpSpreadsheet can read a number of different spreadsheet and file
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formats, although not all features are supported by all of the readers.
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Check the [features cross
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reference](../references/features-cross-reference.md) for a list that
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identifies which features are supported by which readers.
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Currently, PhpSpreadsheet supports the following File Types for Reading:
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### Xls
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The Microsoft Excel™ Binary file format (BIFF5 and BIFF8) is a binary
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file format that was used by Microsoft Excel™ between versions 95 and 2003.
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The format is supported (to various extents) by most spreadsheet
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programs. BIFF files normally have an extension of .xls. Documentation
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describing the format can be [read online](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc313154(v=office.12).aspx)
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or [downloaded as PDF](http://download.microsoft.com/download/2/4/8/24862317-78F0-4C4B-B355-C7B2C1D997DB/%5BMS-XLS%5D.pdf).
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### Xml
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Microsoft Excel™ 2003 included options for a file format called
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SpreadsheetML. This file is a zipped XML document. It is not very
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common, but its core features are supported. Documentation for the
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format can be [read online](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa140066(office.10).aspx)
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though it’s sadly rather sparse in its detail.
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### Xlsx
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Microsoft Excel™ 2007 shipped with a new file format, namely Microsoft
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Office Open XML SpreadsheetML, and Excel 2010 extended this still
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further with its new features such as sparklines. These files typically
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have an extension of .xlsx. This format is based around a zipped
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collection of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) files. Microsoft Office
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Open XML SpreadsheetML is mostly standardized in [ECMA 376](http://www.ecma-international.org/news/TC45_current_work/TC45_available_docs.htm)
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and ISO 29500.
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### Ods
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aka Open Document Format (ODF) or OASIS, this is the OpenOffice.org XML
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file format for spreadsheets. It comprises a zip archive including
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several components all of which are text files, most of these with
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markup in the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). It is the standard file
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format for OpenOffice.org Calc and StarCalc, and files typically have an
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extension of .ods. The published specification for the file format is
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available from [the OASIS Open Office XML Format Technical Committee web
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page](https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office).
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Other information is available from [the OpenOffice.org XML File Format
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web page](http://www.openoffice.org/xml/), part of the
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OpenOffice.org project.
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### Slk
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This is the Microsoft Multiplan Symbolic Link Interchange (SYLK) file
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format. Multiplan was a predecessor to Microsoft Excel™. Files normally
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have an extension of .slk. While not common, there are still a few
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applications that generate SYLK files as a cross-platform option,
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because (despite being limited to a single worksheet) it is a simple
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format to implement, and supports some basic data and cell formatting
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options (unlike CSV files).
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### Gnumeric
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The [Gnumeric file format](https://help.gnome.org/users/gnumeric/stable/sect-file-formats.html.en#file-format-gnumeric)
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is used by the Gnome Gnumeric spreadsheet
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application, and typically files have an extension of `.gnumeric`. The
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file contents are stored using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) markup,
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and the file is then compressed using the GNU project's gzip compression
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library.
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### Csv
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Comma Separated Value (CSV) file format is a common structuring strategy
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for text format files. In CSV flies, each line in the file represents a
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row of data and (within each line of the file) the different data fields
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(or columns) are separated from one another using a comma (`,`). If a
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data field contains a comma, then it should be enclosed (typically in
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quotation marks (`"`). Sometimes tabs `\t`, or the pipe symbol (`|`), or a
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semi-colon (`;`) are used as separators instead of a comma, although
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other symbols can be used. Because CSV is a text-only format, it doesn't
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support any data formatting options.
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"CSV" is not a single, well-defined format (although see RFC 4180 for
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one definition that is commonly used). Rather, in practice the term
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"CSV" refers to any file that:
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- is plain text using a character set such as ASCII, Unicode, EBCDIC,
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or Shift JIS,
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- consists of records (typically one record per line),
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- with the records divided into fields separated by delimiters
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(typically a single reserved character such as comma, semicolon, or
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tab,
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- where every record has the same sequence of fields.
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Within these general constraints, many variations are in use. Therefore
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"CSV" files are not entirely portable. Nevertheless, the variations are
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fairly small, and many implementations allow users to glance at the file
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(which is feasible because it is plain text), and then specify the
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delimiter character(s), quoting rules, etc.
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**Warning:** Microsoft Excel™ will open .csv files, but depending on the
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system's regional settings, it may expect a semicolon as a separator
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instead of a comma, since in some languages the comma is used as the
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decimal separator. Also, many regional versions of Excel will not be
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able to deal with Unicode characters in a CSV file.
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### Html
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HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for
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creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web
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browser. Files typically have an extension of .html or .htm. HTML markup
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provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural
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semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes
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and other items. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been
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maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the World
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Wide Web Consortium (W3C). However, in 2000, HTML also became an
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international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in
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late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004
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development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology
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Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in
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2008.
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